COLOR CORRECTION

Sometimes it can be difficult to get the correct color balance of a photo.  It is important to get it right before you begin to post-process your image. The following tutorial will help color correct an image utilizing the white point, black point, and mid-tone gray areas.

Open an image, any image you choose but select one with contrast and color. Contrast is the difference between black and white in an image.  High contrast will show the full range of darks to lights and colors while low contrast will not show a lot of difference between darks and lights. Think of a picture of a scene taken in the fog, the difference could be somewhat muted.  

However, this color correction will work on any image but some adjustments will be more predominant or noticeable than others. After you have your image open create a duplicate.   Go to Layer > Duplicate Layer.  Another way is to Right-click on the Background copy and select Duplicate Layer.

Once you click on the duplicate layer menu the Duplicate Layer Window will open and will allow you to rename the layer or go with the default which in this case is Duplicate Copy.

On this duplicate copy, I enlarge the image to 100% and search for any sensor dust spots showing up on the image.  This can be done in LR or Bridge's Camera Raw prior to opening in Photoshop. I have noticed sometimes when removing spots through Bridge that it can leave a halo type effect around the spot I removed, that is why I prefer to remove in Photoshop using the "Spot Healing Brush". Don't forget to select the "Content-Aware Option" on the "Option's Bar". You can also use this layer to remove any unsightly objectives, like trash or a lone tree branch in the corner of the image.

Next I want to deal with any noise in the picture.  I use NIK Define to remove any unnecessary noise in the image.  Any adjustments you make to the image can magnify imperfections in the image, like dust spots, so clean them up before you proceed.  I use NIK Define for noise removal because it shows you where the noise is in the image.  It will allow you to remove the noise globally or paint the noise reduction in specific areas only.  Use whatever noise reduction program you have.  The NIK Suite was bought out by DXO and is relatively inexpensive from back in the days when I bought it. Regardless of which module within the NIK Suite you use it will put each adjustment on a separate layer. In my opinion, their Sharpening module and Black and White module along with the noise reduction module are some of the best out there and easy to use and manipulate. https://nikcollection.dxo.com/

Your layers menu should look like the image to the right if you used NIK Define, which as I mentioned, puts its

adjustments on a separate layer. If you use Photoshop you can apply noise reduction on the background copy layer or create a new layer that combines the background layer, and the background copy layer, into a separate layer before running Photoshop noise reduction.  To do this on a PC hold down the CTRL + ALT + SHIFT Keys and then click on the “E” key.  On a MAC , COMMAND+OPTION+SHIFT+E. Photoshop will merge all of the layers into one new layer and insert it at the top of your layers stack. It also leaves all of the layers below alone so you can still go back to them if you need.  For purposes of this tutorial put you noise reduction on its own layer to make it easier to follow along.

Next, we want to add a Curves Adjustment Layer. You can add this layer through the menu drop-down window, by clicking on the “Layer > Create New Fill Layer” or by clicking on the “Adjustment Layer Icon” at the bottom of the Layers panel, (It is a circle that is half white half dark.) or a third option from the “Adjustments Panel” if you have it open and viewable.  If this panel is not visible go to the “Windows Drop-down Menu” and click on “Adjustments”, this will open the adjustments panel.  

I assume that most people have a workspace area already set up if using Photoshop but if you don’t, go to the "Window’s Drop-down Menu" and under the “Workspace” option select “Photography”. This is a good place to start. You can add to this by opening up other options from the "Window’s Menu" and then save the workspace under your name.

SET THE BLACK ANCHOR POINT
Open up the threshold layer by clicking the “Threshold Icon” in the Adjustments Panel or go to Layers >New Adjustment Layer >Threshold. (This will split the image between black and white).  At this point you should have five layers: 1) Background Layer, 2) Background Copy Layer, 3) Noise Reduction Layer, 4) Curve’s Layer, and 5) the Threshold Layer.

Go to the Threshold Histogram and move the slider all the way to the left and then move it back towards the right until the first signs of black appear in the window. (You may need to enlarge the image to see the black area to ensure you get the black anchor point on it.)  

Right, Click the Eye Dropper in the "Photoshop Menu Panel" and select the color sampler tool. (Sample size 3X3 from the "Option Bar") Now mark the black area with the color eyedropper tool. This sets the black spot in the image.  Note this labels this mark as #1. This action will also switch between the properties window to the info window. (See Threshold diagram picture above).  Click on the properties tab within the Threshold Properties Window, top left to return to the Threshold window histogram. 

SET WHITE ANCHOR POINT
You will need to do the same thing to mark the white point.  Move the slider all the way to the right and then slowly move the slider back to the left until the first black area appears.  Again using the color eyedropper tool, mark the white spot. This marker should be labeled #2.

Before we go any farther let's address what happens if we click on the wrong spot or we miss the anchor all together?  Just try again but remember each time you use the color dropper it labels the new

spot with a different number.  For example, if you repeat the process to get a better white spot then the new number will be labeled # 3 instead of number #2. You will have three markers now but you are only going to use two, number #1 for blacks and now number #3 for whites.  You can also deactivate the Threshold Layer, then right-click on the anchor you want to remove and then click delete, then re-activate the Threshold Layer and add a new anchor point.

Now turn off the Threshold layer by clicking on the “Eye” immediately to the left of the layer.  Drop down to the curves layer. Zoom into the image so the black and white anchor points are easier to see.  When you click on the curves layer a Properties Window will open.  Make sure that the "Properties Tab within this window is selected, if it isn't double-click on the Threshold eye-icon nest to the eye-icon to activate it."

In the Curves Layer Window, on the left side, will be three eye droppers, the top one for black, the middle one for mid-tones, and the bottom one for whites.  Click on the black eye-dropper to the left of the curves properties window and then click on the black anchor point on your image.  Remember this is the first point we created and it was labeled #1.  Now click on the white eyedropper in the curves window and then click on the white point, the one labeled #2.  We have now set the black point and the white point on the curves layer. Now we need to set the Mid-Tone point.

SET THE MID-TONE ANCHOR POINT
Make sure the Threshold Layer is not active.  Now click on the curves layer.  Go up to the Layer’s Dropdown menu tab and select new, then layer. When the “New Layer’s Menu” opens, click OK.  Now go to the Edit Dropdown menu and select Fill. When the Fill Window opens click on contents and select 50% gray and click on OK.  You should have a grayed-out image now showing in Photoshop.  Go to the blending mode and select “Difference”.  If your screen now looks wild with psychedelic

colors you are okay.  Now activate the Threshold Layer by clicking on the Eye icon then double-click on the Threshold Icon between the Eye Icon and the white layer mask.  This will activate the Threshold Properties window.  If it doesn't double-click on the Threshold icon next to the eye-icon to open the properties window. Slide the arrow in the properties window all

the way to the left until the histogram in the properties window turns completely white. Zoom in on the image and then slowly move the slider to the right until black appears. Because we want to mark the mid-tone area we may need to move the slider far enough to the right to get a larger selection area. Once you have a good patch of back go to the tools menu and select the color sample tool again then mark a patch of black.  

This will be your third color marker and should be labeled number

#3.  Turn off the Threshold Layer then go back to the curves layer and select the middle eye-dropper and click on the color marker labeled #3.  Now deactivate the 50% Gray layer.  The mid-tone anchor point might have the greatest impact on your overall color adjustment. If the color is off you may not have gotten a good mid-tone selection.  If you need to you can delete this Mid-Tone Anchor Point and repeat the process of selecting a different area of the image. 

At this point let’s take a look at the before and after effects by holding down the alt key on a PC and clicking on the Eye-Ball icon next to the Background Layer. Continue to hold down the alt key and click again. Toggle this back and forth to see the before and after-effects. If your image looks good you can now delete the Threshold Layer and the 50% Grey Scale Layer.  These will only take up space and you don’t need them because any adjustments made by these layers have been applied to your curves layer. If you don’t like the overall effect you can delete the curves layer and start all over.  

Well, there you have it.  I have found this to be very helpful in attempting to get the right color balance for some images. This is not a cure-all sure fix for every image as you may want a specific color tent to an image.  Case in point:  If you want to give a winter landscape a colder look adding a cooler temperature may do the trick.
  
Prior to opening in Photoshop I usually adjust for Lens Correction and Remove Color Aberration in the RAW Converter, in my case Bridge but for others Lightroom.  I then take the image into Photoshop to run the color adjustment, flatten all layers, and save as a tiff file.  I will then reopen in my RAW Converter and begin my post-processing workflow.

Please feel free to share this with others and you might want to print it out for a follow-along reference.  I first learned of this technique from Jimmy McIntyre on YouTube.  

I learn a lot from watching tutorials and am grateful that there are so many photographers out there willing to share their knowledge and Photoshop skills.  Jimmy offers a free set of down-loadable luminosity masks actions and he also sells some great video tutorials.  

I am a hard copy kind of guy who believes that training is enhanced if you can see it, then read it, and finally practice it with a reference next to your keyboard.  For this reason, I have practiced this technique using my own images and have put it into a written document.  If you would like to see Jimmy’s video on this subject just follow this link.  Color Correction by Jimmy McIntyre

After performing this action I continued to post-process my image adding contrast, brightness, texture, and some sharpening. Here is a before and after of the image, I used in this tutorial.

BEFORE (RAW File)

AFTER

If you would like a pdf of this tutorial please contact me and request a copy by e-mail at gilbej49@gmail.com.

John Gilbert


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